Which term refers to an abnormal connection of low resistance between circuit conductors?

The correct term for an abnormal connection of low resistance between circuit conductors is a short circuit. A short circuit occurs when there is an unintended path that allows current to flow along an unintended route, bypassing the normal load in the circuit. This can lead to a significant increase in current flow, which may cause overheating, damage to electrical equipment, and potentially fires.

In this context, understanding the characteristics of a short circuit is essential for fire investigators, as identifying such conditions can provide insight into the electrical failures leading to a fire incident. A short circuit typically occurs due to insulation failure, damaged wiring, or other faults within the electrical system.

Ground faults refer to a situation where the electrical current unintentionally flows to the ground, which can be harmful but is distinct from a short circuit, as it does not necessarily imply a low-resistance connection between conductors. An open circuit means there is a break in the circuit preventing current flow entirely, and a circuit overload refers to exceeding the current-carrying capacity of the conductors without necessarily implying a direct short. Each of these terms addresses different electrical issues, but the defining feature of a short circuit is the low-resistance connection allowing excessive current to flow.